LEO Network Spectral Efficiency Model

Area-normalized network SE (per-beam) = link_SE × η_int × F_reuse / A_E. Independent of constellation size — a per-beam design check.
Area-normalized network SE using system bandwidth = (N_sat × N_beam × B_beam × link_SE × η_int) / B_sys / A_E. Scales with deployed satellites and beams — a true system-level capacity density.
With fixed η_int, the system metric grows linearly with N_sat. Enable density-dependent η_int to impose the asymptotic O(1/N) interference penalty, which makes the sweep plateau instead of growing without bound.
Constants held fixed: c = 299 792 458 m/s, k = −228.6 dBW/K/Hz, R_E = 6371 km.
Absolute NSE values depend strongly on the assumed reuse convention and normalization; treat them as relative design indicators, not benchmarks.

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